MARIANA 1

MARIANA 1 Go to Home Page
Intro Mary Garden

MARIANA 1

MARIANA I is a botanical listing of over 600 plants given names or symbolism
referring to God, the Virgin Mary, the angels and the saints in popular
Christian tradition.

The title MARIANA attests to the general Christian attribution of flowers to
Mary, the "Flower of flowers", archetype of the feminine principle in nature
and in grace; and also the medieval name, "St. Mary's Garden" or "Mary Garden',
given to gardens of symbolical plants cultivated in praise of Mary, the "Garden
Enclosed".

The religious plant names and associations listed here have been taken from
over 100 general, horticultural, folk-lore and dialect dictionaries,
horticultural listings, and books of religious legends and customs. Where two
or more religious names have been found for one plant, the one listed has been
chosen for its uniqueness or for its special appropriateness to the plant. In
MARIANA 2, now in preparation, it is planned to list all the distinct religious
names found for each plant, together with their supporting documentations. A
portion of this documentation was published in the article, "Mary Garden
Research - A Progress Report", by John S. Stokes Jr., Queen of the
Missions, Chicago, February, 1955.

A number of the religious plant names in MARIANA 1 were listed in the
unpublished paper, "Religious Symbolism in Plants", by Winifred Jelliffe
Emerson of Chicago, based on research undertaken by her at the suggestion of
Mrs. Lillie in the winter of 1932-1933. This paper and its supporting research
notes are now in the files of Mary's Gardens, Philadelphia, a gift from Dr.
Alfred Emerson in 1954. Mrs. Lillie's leaflet, "Our Lady in Her Garden", was
republished at Woods Hole in 1937, incorporating additional religious plant
names from Mrs. Emerson's research.

The Woods Hole Garden of Our Lady was cared for, including complete restoration
after three hurricanes, by Mr. Wheeler, with the assistance of Joseph Dias,
from 1932 until after the death of Mrs. Lillie in 1958, and is now maintained by
Nelson Cahoon under the supervision of Mrs. Lillie's cousin, Mrs. Margaret E.
Gigger, through a perpetual trust fund established for this purpose by Mrs.
Lillie. An article, "Lillie Tower", by Rev. James J. Galvin, C.SS.R.,
reprinted in Our Lady's Digest, October, 1946, from Perpetual Help, August,
1946, brought this garden and its accompanying Angelus Tower, also established
by Mrs. Lillie, to the attention of John S. Stokes Jr, and Edward A. McTague,
who founded the present-day Mary Garden movement in Philadelphia in 1951, with
the blessing of Mrs. Lillie.
2.

The botanical listings in MARIANA 1 have been edited where necessary to convert
the names in the research to the equivalent names for the identical plants as
found in Bailey's Hortus Second (H2) and Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
(CH), Graf's Exotica 3 (E3) and/or Moldenke's Plants of the Bible (PB), in
that order. In those instances where only the genus was given in the research,
an appropriate species has been indicated in parentheses. Where a number of
plants in the genus share the religious name (as with Clematis, Cypriedium and
Spiranthes) one or two horticulturally most suitable species have been listed.

All religious names listed are from the research. Symbols, emblems, legends
and uses for which no corresponding name has been found are indicated in
parentheses. Scriptural, liturgical and poetic figures are given in quotation
marks.

Authorities, including The Oxford English Dictionary, are in agreement that the
words "Lady", "Lady's" and, "Ladies" in the older English plant names are
almost always foreshortenings of "Our Lady". Similarly, "Virgin", "Virgin's"
and "Mary's" are considered in most cases as referring to the Virgin Mary.
"Maiden" and "Queen" in popular plant names are frequently paralleled by
"Lady" and "Mary" in alternate namings, but are listed also in view of the
widespread historical transferral of feminine plant symbolism in other
traditions to the Virgin Mary in Christian tradition. Included also are plants
symbolic of virtues of which Mary is looked to as the model. Named varieties
and hybrids of recent origins, however, have generally not been listed unless of
specifically religious significance.

In addition to English popular religious names of plants, MARIANA 1 also lists,
in English translation, names from the French, German and Spanish. In MARIANA 2
the names will be listed as originally found as well as in translation.
Special acknowledgement is made of the many Spanish names, largely from Latin
America, contributed by the research of Mrs. Bonnie Roberson of Hagerman,
Idaho.

Under "Growth" (G) the following coding is used:

(A) Herbaceous Annual (S) Woody Shrub (B) Herbaceous Biennial (T) Woody Tree
(P) Herbaceous Perennial

MARIANA 2 will provide fuller cultural data.

Commercial sources for seeds, bulbs or plants of species marked (G6) are listed
in Plant Buyer's Guide, 6th Edition, published by the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society. In some lnstances we have located sources for species
not listed in the Guide.

A library of color slide photographs of the species listed is being assembled,
from which copies will be made available.

It is hoped MARIANA 1 will stimulate the starting of botanical collections of
the plants listed, as well as Mary Gardens of the various cultural groupings,.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Abrus precatoris Crab's Eye Rosary Plant P Tropics H2 G6
Acacia (farnesiana) Thorny Acacia (Crown Thorns) S Mex.,Asia,Africa H2 G6
Acacia greggii Texas Mimosa Paradise Flowr T Tex,Mex, H2 G6
Acer pseudoplatanua Sycamore (Flight Egypt) T Europe.,W.Asia H2 G6
Achillea atrata. Achillea Lady's Smoke P Cent. Europe H2
Achillea clavenae Achillea Lady's Smoke P Europe H2 G6
Achillea moschata Achillea Lady's Rue P Europe H2
Achras zapoi-aj Marmalade Plum Mary's Tree T Cent.America H2 G6
Aconitum napellus Monkshood Mary's Slipper P Europe H2 G6
Adenophora (conf.) Gland Bell Flwr Lady-Bell P China H2 G6
Adiantum cap.-ven. Maidenhair Fern Lady's Hair P Europe, America H2 G6
Adiantum tenerum Maidenhair Fern Maiden's Hair P Trop. America H2 G6
Adonis aestivalis Pheasant's Eye Mary's Rose A Cent. Europe H2 G6
Adoxa moschatella Musk-Root Lady's Mantle P N.Amer,N,Eu,Asia H2 G6
Aechmea mariae-reg. Aechmea Queen Mary P Costa Rica CH G6
Aechmea racina Xmas Jewels Xmas Jewels P Trop. Brazil E3 G6
Agrostemma githago Corn Cockel Mary's Rose A Europe, Asia H2
Alchemilla alpina Lady's Mantle Lady's Mantle P Mts. of Europe G6
Alchemilla vulgaris Lady's Mantle Mary's Mantle P Europe H2 G6
Alhagia camelorum Camel's Thorn "Balm" T Mediterranean PB
Alnus glutinosa Black Alder (Cross) T Eu.,N.Afr.,Asia H2 G6
Althea officinalis Marshmallow Lady's Cheeses P N.America H2 06
Althea rosea Hollyhock St. Jos. Staff B China H2 G6
Amaryllis belladona Belladonna Beautiful Lady P S.Africa H2 G6
Amelanchier ovalis Juneberry Lady's Apple S Europe H2 G6
Anacardium occid. Cashew (Crown Thorns) T Trop.America H2
Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernl Ladybird A Europe,Asia H2 G6
Anaphalis margarit. Pearly Evrlastg Lady Neverfade P N.Amer,Eu,N.Asia H2 G6
Anastatica hieroch. Rose of Jericho Rose Jericho A Asia Minor H2
Andropogon aromat. Ginger Grass "Sweet Cane" P Mediterranian PB
Anemone coronaria Anemone Rose of Sharon P Mediterranian H2 G6
Anemone fulgens Scarlet Anemone Blood-Drops XP P France H2 G6
Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Candlemas Caps P Europe.Asia H2 G6
Anemone vernalis Alpine Anemone Lady-of-Snow O Europe H2 G6
Angelica archangel. Angelica (Angel) P Europe,Asia H2 G6
Anguola (virginal.) Cradle Orchid Cradle Orchid P Colombia E3
Antennaria dioica Everlasting Lady's Flower P Europe,Asia H2 G6
Anthemus cotula Chamomile Maiden Weed A Europe CH G6
Anthriscus sylvest. Cow Parsley Lady's Lace B Europe,W.Asia H2
Anthyllis vulner. Kidney Vetch Lady's Fingers P Europe H2
Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine Queen's Wreath P Mexico H2 G6
Apocynum androsaem. Fly Trap Mary's Rose P N.America H2
Aquilaria agallocha Eaglewood "Aloes" T S.E.Asia PB
Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine Lady's Shoes P Europe,Siberia H2 G6
Arabis albida Rock Cress Lady's Cushion P Caucuses. H2 G6
Araucaria excelsa Norfolk Is. Pine Xmas Tree Plt. T S.Pacific H2 G6
Arecastrum romanz. Queen Palm Queen Palm T N.S.America H2 G6
Arisaema triphyl. Jack-in-Pulpit Blood Drops XP P E.N.America. H2 G6
Armeria maritima Sea Thrift L.Pincushion P N.W.Europe H2 G6
Arnica montana Mt.Tobacco L.Milkplant P Europe H2 G6
Artedia squamata Madonna Flower Madonna Flower P Palestine
Artemisia absinth. Wormwood Mary's Tree S Europe H2 G6
Artemisia camphor. Southernwood Lady's Maid S B.Europe H2

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Artemisia pontica Roman Wormwood Lady's Needle S Europe H2 G6
Arum maculatum Cuckoo-Pint Lady-Lords P Europe,N.Africa H2 G6
Asparagus plumoso Asparagus Fern Maiden's Hair P S.Africa H2 G6
Asperula odorata Sweet Woodruff O.L Needlework P Europe,Asia H2 G6
Asplenium felix-fem. Lady Fern Lady Fern P Europe H2 G6
Asplenium ruta-mur. Fern Lady's Hair P Eastern U.S. H2 G6
Asplenium tricho. Spleenwort Lady's Hair P N.Amer,,Eu.,Asia H2 G6
Aster (frikarti) Aster Mary's Star P (hybrid) H2 G6
Aster amellus Italian Aster OL Birthday Fl P Europe.,Asia H2 G6
Aster grandiflorus Aster Xmas Starwort P S.E.U.S. H2
Astragalus utahens. Pink Ladyfinger Lady's Fingers P Mont.,Wyo.,Utah H2
Astrantia major Masterwort Lady's Mantle P Europe H2 G6
Atropa belladonna Deadly Nightshd. Beautiful Lady P Europe,Asia H2 G6
Baileya multirad. Desert Marigold Marygold A S-W.U.S.,Mex. H2 G6
Beamontia grandif. Heralds Trumpet Eastler L.Vine P India,Himalayas H2 G6
Begonia (various) Angel Wing Beg. Angel's Wing P Trop. America E3 G6
Begonia cheim. Lady Mac Beg. Xmas Begonia P (hybrid) H2
Begonia fuchsioides Begonia Heart of Jesus P Mexico H2 G6
Begonia fuch. rosea Begonia Heart of Mary P Mexico H2 G6
Begonia heraclei. Star Begonia Lady Fringe P Mexico H2 G6
Bellis perennis English Daisy. Mary-Love B Europe H2 G6
Barberis vulgaris Barberry Lady's Leaf S Europe H2 06
Bessera elegens Mex.Coral Drops Lady'sEardrops P Mexico H2 G6
Betula nana Low Birch (Scourging) T N.Asia,N.Europe H2 G6
Betula (papyrifera) Birch Lady-of-Woods T N.N.America H2 G6
Betula pendula Weeping Birch Lady's Birch T Eu.,Asia Minor H2 G6
Bidens (pilosa) Burr-Marigold Marygold A S. United States H2 G6
Bignonia capreolata Trumpet-Flower Cross-Vine P E. & Cent. U.S. H2 G6
Billbergia nutans Queen's Tears Queen's Tears P S.Brazil, Argent.H2 G6
Boswellia (various) Fankincense "Frankincense" T Asis minor,India PB
Brassavola nodosa Orchid Lady-of-Night P Cent.America H2 G6
Brassica nigra Black Mustard "Mustard Seed" A Eurasia H2
Briza media Quaking Grass Lady's Hair P Eurasia H2
Brunfelsia america Lady-of-Night Lady-of-Night S W.Indies H2 G6
Bryonica dioica Bryony Lady's Signet P Europe, W.Asia H2
Buphthalmum salic. Yellow Ox-Eye Mary's Plant P S.Europe H2 G6
Buxus (sempervirens) Boxwood (Candlemas) S Eu.,N.Afr,W.Asia H2 G6

Caesalpina bonduc Molucca Bean V. Mary's Nut S Trop.America H2
Caladium bicolor Caladium Queen's Mantle P Trop.America H2
Caladium (hortul.) Caladium Angel-Wings P Trop.America E3 G6
Calceolaria (herbeo) Ladyslipper Lady's Slipper P Chile CH G6
Calendula officin. Marigold Marygold A S.Europe H2 G6
Calliandra eriophy. Fairy Duster Angel's Hair S W.United States H2 G6
Calluna vulgaris Heather L.Adversary B Europe, Asia H2 G6
Calonyction acul. Moonflower Lady-of-Night P Tropics,Florida H2 G6
Calophyllum antill. Maria Mary T W.Indies H2
Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Marygold P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6
Camellia (japonica) Camelia (Purity) T China, Japan H2 G6
Campanula fragilis Bethlehem Star Bethlehem Star P Italy H2 G6
Campanula isophylla Bethlehem Star Mary's Star P Italy H2 G6
Campanula medium Canterbury Bells Mary-Bells B S.Eu. H2 G6

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Campanula rotundif. Harebell Lady's Thimble P Eu.,Asia,N.Amer. H2 G6
Canna (generalis) Canna (Rosary Beads) P Europe H2 G6
Capparis spinosa Wild Hyssop (Crown Thorns) B Mediterranean H2 G6
Capsella bursa-pas. Shepard's Purse Lady's Pouches P England
Capsicum frutescens Bird Pepper Xmas Candle A Trop.S.Amer. H2 G6
Cardamine pratensis Cuckoo Flower Lady's Smock P Eu.,Asia,N.Amer. H2 G6
Carlina acaulis Charlem. Thistle Mary's Thistle P S.Europe. H2 G6
Cassia allata Ringworm Cassia Xmas Candle S Tropics H2
Cattleya dowiana Queen Cattleya Queen Cattleya P Costa Rica H2 G6
Cattleya mossiae Spring Cattleya Easter Orchid P Venezuela H2 G6
Cattleya triana Winter Cattleya Xmas Orchid P Colombia H2 G6
Caulophyllum thal. Blue Cohosh Lady's Root P E.N.America H2 G6
Cedronella canar. Canary-Balm "Balm-of-Gilead" T Canary Islands H2
Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon Cedar of Leban. T Asia Minor H2 G6
Ceiba pentandra Silk Cotton God's Tree T Tropics H2
Centaurea cyanus Corn Flower Mary's Crown A S.E.Europe H2 G6
Centaurea nigra Knapweed Lady's Bells P Europe H2
Cenntranthus ruber Red Valerian L.Needlework P Europe,S.W.Asia H2 G6
Cephalocereus sen. Old Man Cactus (Baptised Soul) P Mexico H2 G6
Cerastium arvense Starry Grasswort Mary's Flower P N.Amer.,Eu,,Asia H2 G6
Ceropegia woodii Heart Vine Rosary Vine P Natal H2 G6
Cestrum nocturnam Night Jasmine Lady-of-Night S W.Indies H2 06
Cheiranthus cheiri Wall Flower Mary's Flower P S.Europe H2 G6
Chenopodium ambros. Mexican Tea Mary's Herb A N.Amer.,Eu.,Asia H2
Chiococca alba Snowberry Mary's Tears S Fla.to Trop.Amer.H2
Chiogenes hispidula Creeping Snowbry Maiden's Hair P N.America H2 G6
Chrysanthemum bals. Costmary Mary's Leaf P W.Asia H2 G6
Chrysanthemum (ind.) Chrysanthemum (Epiphany) P China H2 G6
Chrysanthemum leuc. Ox-Eye Daisy Mary's Star P Eurasia,U.S. H2 G6
Chrysanthemum parth. Feverfew Mary's Flower P Eurasia H2 G6
Chrysanthemum seget. Corn-Marigold Marygold A Europe H2 G6
Chrysobalanus icaco Coco Plum Maiden Plum T S.Fla.,Trop.Amer.H2 G6
Chrysoplenium opp. Golden Saxifrag. Lady's Cushion P Europe, N.Asia H2
Cicer arietinum Chick Peas (Flight-Egypt) A S.Europe, Asia H2
Cinnamonum zeylan. Cinnamon Tree "Cinnamon" T Mediterranean H2
Cistus (landanif.) Rock Rose Rose of Sharon S Mediterranean H2 G6
Citrullus colocyn. Bitter-Apple Gall P Trop.Amer,Africa,CH
Citrus limonia Lemon (Fidelity) T Asia H2 G6
Citrus sinensus Orange (Purity) T China H2 G6
Clematis (flammula) Clematis (Cross) P Mediterranean H2 G6
Clematis vitalba Virgin's Bower Lady's Bower P Eu,N.Afr,SW.Asia H2 G6
Cnices benedictus Blessed Thistle Lady's Thistle A Mediterranean H2
Coix lacryma Job's Tears Mary's Tears A Trop. Asia H2 G6
Colchium autumnale Autumn Crocus "Rose-of-Sharon"P Europe, N.Afr. H2 G6
Collinsea bicolor Collinsea Blue-Eyed Mary A Calif. H2 G6
Collinsea verna Blue-Eyed Mary Blue-Eyed Mary A E.& C.U.S. H2 G6
Commiphora myrrha Myrrh "Myrrh" S Ardbia, N,E.Afr. PB
Commiphora opobals. Balsam "Balsam" T Arabia PB
Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock Lady's Lace B Europe H2
Convallaria majalis Lily-of-Valley Lady's Tears P Eur,Asia,E.N.AmerH2 G6
Convolvulus arvens Bindweed Lady's Smock P Europe H2
Convolvulus sepiuum Rutland Beauty Lady's Nighteap P Eu.,Asia,N.Amer. H2
Corchorus olitorius Corchorus "Rose-Sharon" A India H2

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Cornus (florida) Dogwood (Cross) T E.United States H2 G6
Corydalis cava Lark (Gr.) Lady's Hen P C.Europe H2 G6
Corylus (colurna) Hazel (Flight-Egypt) T S.E.Eur.,W.Asia H2 G6
Cotyledon umbilicus Navelwort Lady's Navel P Mediteranean H2
Crassula rupestris Rosary Plant Rosary Plant P S.Africa H2 G6
Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Mary's Mayflowr T Eu,N.Afr,W,Asia H2 G6
Crataegus oxyacan. Hawthorn Mary's Berry T Europe,N.Africa H2 G6 Crocus (vernus) Spring Crocus "Rose-Sharon" P Europe H2 G6
Crocus sativus Saffron Crocus "Saffron', P Asia Minor H2 G6
Crucianella (styl.) Crosswort Crosswort A Persia H2 G6
Cupressus semperv. Italian Cypress "Cypress Tree" T S.Europe,W.Asia H2 G6
Curcuma petiolate Queen Lily Queen Lily P E.Asia H2
Cuscuta gronovii Dodder Mary's Flax A Europe, U.S. CH
Cycas circinalis Fern Palm Queen Sago T India,Madag. H2 G6
Cyclamen europaeum Bleeding Nun (M. Sorrows) P C.& .Europe H2 G6
Cyclamen indicum Florists Cycl. L. Little Ladle P Asia Minor H2 G6
Cymbalaria muralis Kenilworth Ivy Tears of Mary P Europe H2 G6
Cypripedium pubesc. Yellow L.Slipper Lady's Slipper P Eurasia H2 G6
Cytisus scoparius Scotch Broom (Flight Egypt) S Europe H2 G6

Dalea (fruteseens) Mariola Mariola S Mexico H2
Dalea spinosa Smoke Tree Christ's Crown T S.W.U.S.,Mexico H2
Daphne cneorum Daphne Mary's Rose S Mts. of Europe H2 G6
Daphne mezereum Feb. Daphne Lady Laurel S Europe, W.Asia H2 G6
Datura arboreal Floripondo Angel's Trumpet T Peruvian Andes H2 G6
Datura candida Trumpet Tree Queen-of-Night T S.Peru, Chile E3
Datura sanguinea Angel's Tears Angel's Tears S Peru H2 G6
Daucus carota Wild Carot Queen's Lace B Europe CH G6
Delphinium ajacis Larkspur Mary's Tears A S.Europe H2 G6
Delphinium cheil.f. Garld. Larkspur Beautiful Lady P Siberia, China H2 G6
Dianthus barbatus Sweet William Lady Tuft B Pyrenees, Russia H2 G6
Dianthus carthus. Clustered Pink Lady's Bedstraw P Europe, Egypt H2 G6
Dianthus caryophy. Carnation (M.Love of God) P S.Eur. to India H2 G6
Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pink Mary's Pink P Eu.to Japan H2 G6
Dianthus plumarius Clove Pink Virgin Pink P Eu. to Siberia H2 G6
Dicentra spectabilis Bleeding Heart Mary's Heart P Japan H2 G6
Dichorisandra reg. Queen Spiderwort Queen Spiderwrt P Peru E3 G6
Dictamnus alba Gas Plant Burning Bush P S.Eu. to N.China H2 G6
Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Virgin's Glove B W.Europe H2 G6
Digitaria sanguin. Crab Grass Lady's Grass A Europe H2
Dimorpotheca (aur.) Cape Marigold Marygold A South Africa H2 G6
Dion edule Chestnut Dion Virgin's Palm T Mexico H2 G6
Dipsacus fullonum Fuller's Teasel Lady's Brushes B Europe H2 G6
Dipsacus sylvestris Common Teasal Lady's Basin B Europe, Asia H2 G6
Distictis laxiflora Distictis Virgin's Mantle P Mex. H2
Drosera rotundifolia Sun Dew Mary's Tears P N.Amer, Eu.,Asia H2 G6
Dryas octopetela Wood Nymph Lady's Rose P N.Amer, N.Europe H2 G6
Dryopteris felix ma. Wood Fern Mary's Bedstraw P N.Amer. Europe H2 G6
Dryopteris thelypt. Marsh Fern Lady-Fern P N.Amer, Eu, Asia H2 G6
Dyssodia chrysanth. Fetid Marigold Marygold A Texas G6 G6
Echeveria derenber. Painted Lady Painted Lady P Mexico H2 G6
Echinopsis multipl. EasterLilyCactus Easter L.Cactus P S.Brazil H2 G6

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Echium fastuosum Viper's Bugloss Lady's Flannel S Eu. Canaries H2
Echium vulgare Blue-Weed Our Lord's Flnl A Europe, Asia H2 G6
Epilobium angustif. Fire Weed Mary's Bedstraw P Eu, Asia, N.Amer.H2 G6
Epiphyllum oxypet. Queen-of-Night Queen-of-Night P Mexico to Brazil H2 G6
Eranthus hyemalis Winter Aconite Xmas Flower P Europe H2 G6
Erica carnea Winter Heath Mary's Help B Europe H2 G6
Erica melanthera Xmas Heather Xmas Heather S South Africa H2 G6
Erodium cicutarium Pin Clover Madonna's Pins A Mediterranean H2
Erodium moschatum Musk-Clover "Musk Flower" B Europe H2
Eucharis grandifol. Amazon Lily Madonna Lily P Colombian Andes H2 G6
Eupatorium cannau. Hemp Agrimony Mary's Bush P Europe H2 G6
Eupatorium odoratum Boneset Mary P Fla,W Indies,S.A H2
Euphorbia lathyrus Caper Spurge Virgin's Nipple A Europe H2 G6
Euphorbia pulcharr. Poinsettea Nativity Flower S Trop.Amer,C.Mex. H2 G6
Euphorbia splendens Crown-of-Thorns Christ's Crown P Madagascar H2 G6

Ferula galbanifl. Ferula "Galbanum" P Syria, Persia PB
Ficus carica Fig Tree Flight to Egypt T Mediterranean H2 G6
Ficus sycamorus Sycamore Mary's Tree T Asia Minor H2 G6
Filipendula hexa. Dropwort Lady's Ruffles P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Filipendula rubra Queen-of-Prarie Queen-of-Prarie S E.Uunited States.H2 G6
Fllipendula ulmaria Queen-of-Meadow Lady-of-Meadow P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Lady's Fennel P S. Europe H2 G6
Fragaria vesca Strawberry (M Fruitfulness)P Europe H2 G6
Francoa ramosa Francoa Maiden's Wreath P China H2 G6
Fritillaria imper. Crown Imperial (Mary's Glory) P Persia H2 G6
Fuchsia magellanica Hardy Fuchsia Ladies Eardrop P Peru H2 G6
Fuchsia hybrida Fuchsia Lady's Eardrops P (hybrid) H2 G6
Fumaria officinalis Fumitory Gods Fngrs&Toes A Eu. H2

Gagea silvatica Yel.Beth.Star Yel.Beth.Star P Eu.,N.Afr.,Asia H2
Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop Candlems Bells P Europe. H2 G6
Galeopsis tetrahit Hemp Nettle Lady's Hair A Europe CH
Galium mollugo White Bedstraw Lady's Bedstraw P Europe H2
Galium verum Yellow Bedstraw Mary's Bedstraw P Europe H2 G6
Genista tinctoria Dyer's Greenwood Lady's Slipper P Europe, W.Asia H2 G6
Gentiana ciliata Fringed Gentian Lady's Fringes P Europe CH
Gentiana frigida Gentian Mary's White P Carpath. Mts. H2 G6
Geranium maculatum Wild Cranesbill Madonna's Pins P North America H2 G6
Geranium pratense Meadow Pratense Mary's Flower P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Geranium robertum Herb Robert Mary's Bed A N.Amer, Eurasia H2 G6
Geum rivale Water Avens Lady's Bells P N.Amer,N.Eu,Asia H2 G6
Gifalo germanica Cotton Rose Golden Mary A Europe CH
Ginko bilboa Ginko Tree Maiden's Hair T China H2 G6
Gladeolas (hybrids) Gladeolus Twelve Apostles P South Africa H2 G6
Glottiphyllum dept. Fig Marigold Marygold P South Africa H2
Guaicum officinale Guayacan Tree of Life T W.Indies, NSAmer H2
Gypsophila panicul. Baby's Breath Lady's Veil P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6

Habenaria bifolia Butterfly 0rchid Lady's Tears P Europe CH
Helianthus (annus) Sun Flower Marygold A C.& W. U. S. H2 G6
Heliocereus schran. Heliocereus Mary P Mexico H2
Heliocereus spec. Heliocereus Mary P Mexico H2

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Helleborus niger Christmas Rose Christmas Rose P Europe H2 G6
Helleborus viridis Green Hellebore Christ-Root P E.N.America H2 G6
Helxine (soleiroli) Baby's Tears Angel's Tears P Corsica.Sardinia H2 G6
Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Lady's Violet B Europe H2 G6
Heteromeles arbutif.Toyon Xmas Berry S Calif. H2
Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon Rose of Sharon S East Asia H2 G6
Hieracium aurant. Orange Hawkweed L.Paint Brush P Europe H2 G6
Hieracium pilosella Mouse-Ear Lady's Flower P Europe H2 G6
Hierochloe odorater Holy Grass Mary's Grass P Europe.,N.Amer. CH
Hippocrepis comosa Horseshoe Vetch Lady's Fingers P Mediterranean H2 G6
Hosta plantaginea Plantain Lily Assumption Lily P Japan, China H2 G6
Houstonia (caerul.) Bluets Madonna's Eyes P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6
Hyacinthus oriental Hyacinth Lily-of-Valley P Asia Minor H2 G6
Hydranga macro. mar.Hydranga var. Ave Maria P China, Japan H2 G6
Hylocereus undatus. Night-Bl. Cereus Queen-of-Night P Brazil H2 G6
Hypericum calycinum Rose of Sharon Rose of Sharon S SE.Eu,Asia Minor B2 G6
Hypericum perforat. St.John's Wort Mary's Glory P Europe H2 G6

Ilex aquifolium English Holly Burning Bush T Europe,Asia H2 G6
Ilex opaca. var. Xmas Holly Xmas Holly T E.United States H2 G6
Ilex opaca. var. St.Mary's Holly St.Mary's Holly T E.United States H2 G6
Impatiens balsamina Garden Balsam Lady Slipper A India,Malaya,Chi.H2 G6
Impatiens biflora Sptd Jewel-Weed Lady's Eardrop A E.&.C.U.S. H2 G6
Impatiens capensis Touch-Me-Not Lady's Earritgs A S.Africa H2
Inula oculus-chris. Christ's Eye Christ's Eye P Europe H2 G6
Inula squarrosa. Inula Lady's Glove P Europe. H2
Ipomoea purpurea Morning Glory Lady's Mantle A Tropical America H2 G6
Ipomoea tuberosa Ipomoea Mary's Bean P Tropics H2 G6
Iris barnumae Mary Iris Mary Iris P Palestine H2
Iris florentina,var Madonna Iris Madonna Iris P Mediterranean CH
lris germanica German Iris M.Sword Sorrow P Mediterranean H2 G6
Iris germanica,var. Ave Maria Iris Ave Maria P Mediterranean
Iris germanica,var. Moonlight Madonna Moonlight Madon P Mediterranean
Iris pseudocorus Yellow Flag (Fleur-de-Lys) P Eu,N.Afr,Asia M. H2 G6

Jacobina spicegera Jacobina Trinity Plant S Mexico H2
Jasminum azoricum Jasmine Lady-of-Snows T Canary Islands H2 G6
Jasminum (offic.gr) Jasmine (Mary) T Persia H2 G6
Juniperus (oxyced.) Juniper (Flight Egypt) T Mediterranean E2 G6

Kalanchoe laciniata Xmas Tree Kalan. Christmas Tree P Trop.As,Afr,S.Am H2
Knautia arvensis Knautia Lady's Pincush. P Greece H2

Laburnum anagyroid. Golden Chain Lady's Fingers T C.&S.Europe H2 G6
Lagenaria siceraria Wht-Flowrd Gourd (Mary's Virtues)A Trop.Afr.& Asia H2 G6
Lamium purpureum Dead Nettle Madonna's Milk P Europe, Asia H2
Lantana camara Lantana Christ's Plant S Tropical America H2 G6
Lantana involucroa Lantana Sorrowfl Face.M T Trop. America H2
Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Pea Lady's Swt Pea A Italy H2 G6
Lathyrus pratensis Sweet Pea Mary's Foot P Europe, W. Asia H2
Lathyrus vernus Spring Bitter Vch Lady's Slipper P Europe H2 G6
Lavendula (offic.) Lavender (Flight Egypt) P Mediterranean H2 G6

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Leontopodium (alp.) Edelweiss (Purity) P High Mts.Eu,C.Am.H2 G6
Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Motherwort P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Levisticum officin. Lovage Lady's Duster P S.Europe H2 G6
Lilium bulbiferum Red Lily Mary's Lily P Europe H2 G6
Lilium candidum Madonna Lily Virgin Lily P S.Eu.,S.W.Asia H2 G6
Lilium longifl. Easter Lily Easter Lily P Japan H2 G6
Lilium martagon Turban Lily Lady's Tears P Euope, W.Asia H2 G6
Limonium vulgare Sea Lavender Lady's Flower P Eu.,N.Afr.Asia M.H2
Linaria vulgaris Toad Flax Mary's Flax P Eurasia H2 G6
Linum (usitatiss.) Flax (Flight Egypt) A Asia H2
Lithospermum offic. Gromwell Mary's Tears P Europe H2 G6
Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum (Blessed by M.) A Mediterranean H2 G6
Loeselia mexicana Hummingbird Fl. Virgin's Plant P Mexico H2
Lonicera caprifol. Honeysuckle Lady's Fingers S Europe, W.Asia H2 G6
Lonicera pericly. Woodbine Lady's Fingers S Eu,N.Afr,W.Asia H2 G6
Lonicera xylosteum Honeysuckle Lady's Stick S Eurasia H2
Lotus corniculatus Bird's Foot Lady's Boots P Eurasia B2 G6
Lupinus (albus) Lupine (Flight Egypt) A S.Europe, Asia H2
Luzula campestris Wood Rush Lady's Hair P N.Amer, Eurasia H2
Luzula nivea Wood Rush Mary's Grass P Alps CH G6
Lychnis alba Evening Campion Lady's Candles P Eu. H2 G6
Lychnis chalced. Maltese Cross Mary's Rose P Russia, Siberia H2 G6
Lychnis coeli-rosa Rose of Heaven Rose of Heaven A Medit. H2 G6
Lychnis coronaria Rose Campion Lady's Rose P S.Europe H2 G6
Lychnis dioica Morning Campion Mary's Pink P Eurasia H2 G6
Lychnis flos-jovis Flower of Jove P Mary's Rose P Mts.of S.Europe H2 G6
Lychnis viscaria sp German Catchfly Mary's Rose P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6
Lycopodium clavat. Club Moss L.Knives,Forks P N.Amer.,Eurasia H2 G6
Lysimachi quadrif. Loosestrife Cross-Wort P E.United States H2

Maianthemum bifol. Mayflower Mary's Flower P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Malcomia maritina Virginian Stock Virgin Stock A Maditerranean H2 G6
Malus sylvestris Apple (New Eve) T Europe, W. Asia H2 G6
Malus sylvestris v. Lady Apple Mary's Apple T
Malva alcea Mallow Virgin's Bread P Europe H2 G6
Malva moschata Musk Mallow St.Simeon's Flr P Europe H2 G6
Malva rotundifolia Common Mallow Lady's Mantle P Europe CH G6
Malva sylvestris Purple Mallow Lady's Cheeses B Europe H2 G6
Malva verticillata Curled Mallov Lady's Staff P Europe H2
Malva viscus mollis Ladies Eardrop Ladies Eardrop S Mex. to Colombia H2
Mammillaria elong. Golden Stars Ladyfinger P E.Mexico H2 G6
Mandragora officin. Love Apple "Mandrake" P S.Europe H2
Marrubium vulgare Horehound Mary's Nettle P Eurasia H2 G6
Mathiola incana Stock Lady's Violet B S.Europe H2 G6
Matricaria chamom. Chamomile Lady's Flower A Europe, N. Asia H2 G6
Matricaria inodora Matricary Mary's Flower A Europe H2 G6
Medicago echinus Calvary Clover Crown of Thorns A S.France H2 G6
Medicago lupulina Yellow Trefoil Lady's Hop A Eurasia H2 G6
Melilotus officin. Yellow Clover Mary's Bedstraw A Eurasia H2 G6
Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm Sweet Mary P Eurasia H2 G6
Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint Lady's Plant P Eurasia, N. Amer.H2 G6
Mentha crispa Crisp-Leafed Mint Cross-Mint P Europe H2 G6
Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal L.Flavoring P Europe, W. Asia H2 G6

10.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Mentha requienii Spanish Moss Mother-Thousnds P Corsica H2 G6
Mentha spicata Spearmint Mary's Mint P Europe H2 G6
Mesembryanthemum Fig Marigold Mary-Gold P S. Africa H2 G6
Mespilus germanica Medlar Lady's Berry T Eu.,Asia Minor H2 G6
Metrosideros tomen. N.Zelnd Xmas Tree Christmas Tree T New Zealand H2 G6
Mimulus (luteus) Blood Drop Plant (Gethsemani) P Chile H2 G6
Miscanthus sin. Jap. Plume Grass Maiden Grass P China,Japan H2 G6
Monarda didyma Bee-Balm Sweet Mary P E.U.S. H2 G6
Mulenbeckia comp. Wire Plant Maidenhair P New Zealand H2 G6
Musa nana Chi.Dwf.Banana Ladyfinger T S.China H2 G6
Myosotis scorpioid. Forget-me-not Mary's Eyes P Eurasia H2 G6
Myrtillocactus geo. Garambulla Our Father T C.& S.Mexico H2 G6
Myrtus communis Myrtle "Myrtle" T Medit. H2 G6

Narcissus poeticus Poet's Narcissus Lady's Rose P France to Greece H2 G6
Narcissus psuedo N. Daffodil Mary's Star P Europe H2 G6
Narcissus tazetta Polyanthus Narc. Rose of Sharon P Canary Is.to Jap.H2 G6
Narcissus taz. ital.Yellow " " Lily of Mary P Europe CH
Narcissus triandus Angel's Tears Angel's Tears P Spain, Portugal H2 G6
Nelumbium (nelumbo) Lotus (Rosary Beads) P S.Asia, Austral. H2 G6
Nemophila menziesi Baby Blue Eyes Mariana A California H2 G6
Neottia nidus-avis Birds Nest Orch. Lady's Tresses P Europe CH
Nepeta cataria Catnip Mary's Nettle P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Nepeta hederacea Ground Ivy Madonna's Herb P Asia H2 G6
Nerium oleander Oleander Rose of Jericho S Mediterranean H2 G6
Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco Virgin Tree T South America H2 G6
Nigella damascena Love-in-a-Mist Lady-in-Shade A S.Europe H2 G6
Nepalea cochenill. Cochineal Plt. St.Gabriel Fig P Mexico CH G6
Netocereus serp. Queen-of-Night Queen-of-Night P Mexico H2 G6
Nymphaea alba Water Lily Lady-of-Lake P Europe, N.Africa H2 G6

Odontospermum pygm. Rose of Sharon "Rose of Sharon"S Mediterranean CH
Olea europea Olive "Olive Tree" T Mediterranean. H2 G6
Onobrychis viciaef. Sainfoin Holy Hay P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6
Ononis spinosa Rest Harrow L.Adversary P Europe H2 G6
Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle Lady's Thistle B Eurasia H2 G6
Ophrys aranifera Spider Orchis Lady's Slipper P Europe G6
Ophrys musifera Fly Orchis Lady's Tears P C.& E.Europe CH
Opuntia micro alb. Angelwing Cactus Angelwings P N. Mex. H2 G6
Orchis maculata Wild Orchid Gethsemani P Eurasia CH G6
Orchis mascula Wild Orchid Lady's Tears P Eu. CH G6
Orchis purpurea Orchid Lady Orchis P EU. G6
Origanum vulgare Narjoram M. Bedstraw P EU. H2 G6
Ornithogalum arab. Arabian Beth.Star Bethlehem Star P Mediterranean H2 G6
Ornithogalum nutans Bethlehem Star Tears of Mary P Eu.,S.W.Asia H2 G6
Qrnithogalum umbel. Bethlehem Star Mary's Tears P Mediterranean H2 G6
Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel Lady's Meat P Europe H2 G6
Oxalis corniculata Wood Sorrel Lady Sorrel P Europe H2 G6
Oxalis corn. atrop. Purp.Wd.Sorrel (Christ's Blood)P Eu. H2 G6
Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Lily-of-Valley T E.United States H2 G6

Paeonia officinalis Peony Mary's Rose P Europe H2 G6
Paliurus spina-chr. Christ-Thorn Crown-of-Thorns T S.Eu.to N. China H2 G6

11.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Papaver (orientale) Red Poppy (Christ'sBlood) P Medit.to Persia H2 G6
Papaver rhoeas Corn Poppy Lady-in-Corn A Eurasia H2 G6
Paphiopedilum Ladyslipper Lady's Slipper P Himalayas H2
Parietaria (offic.) Pillitory Madonna's Herb P Eurasia H2
Parnassia palustris Grass of ParnassiaLady's Flower P N.Amer., Eurasia H2 G6
Passiflora incarn. Passion Flower Flower-of-Cross P S.E.U.S. H2 G6
Passiflora caerulea Passion Flower Passion Flower P Brazil H2 G6
Pastinacea sativa Parsnip Mary's Root P Europe H2
Pelargonium (dom) Geranium Lady Beautiful P S.Africa H2 G6
Pelargonium limon. Lemon Geranium Lady Mary P (hybrid) H2 G6
Penstemon acuminat. Beard-Tongue St.Jos.Staff P N.W.U.S. H2 G6
Peristeria elata Dove Plant Holy Ghost Fl. P C.&N.S.America H2
Persea americana Avacado Holy Ghost Pear T Trop. America H2 G6
Petrea arborea Blue Jasmine Jesus' Flower S N.S.America H2
Petrea volubis Purple Wreath Queen's Wreath P Mexico to Panama H2 G6
Petroselinum crisp. Parsley O.L.Little Vine B Europe, W.Asia H2 G6
Petunia (hybrida) Petunia Lady's Praise A S.S.Amer. H2 G6
Phalaris arun.pict. Ribbon Grass Lady's Ribbons P Eurasia N.Amer. H2 G6
Philodendron will. Holy Ghost Holy Ghost P Tropical Brazil E3
Phlox (divaricata) Blue Phlox Lady's Wedding P Eastern U.S. H2 G6
Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm "Palm Tree" T W.Asia, N.Africa H2 G6
Phragmipedium (gr.) Lady-Slipper Lady-Slipper P Tropical America H2
Phyllitis scolopen Hart's-Tongue Christ's Hair P E.N. America H2 G6
Phyteuma spicatum Horned Rampion Mary's Leaf P Europe H2 G6
Pleris floribunda Andromeda "Lily-Valley" S SE United States H2 G6
Pimpinella anisum Anise Lady's Tobacco A Greece to Egypt H2 G6
Pinus (halapensis) Pine Tree Hand of Christ T Mediterranean H2 G6
Piper auritum Eared Pepper Mary P Mexico H2
Piqueria trinervia Stevia Old Queen P Mexico,C.America H2 G6
Pistacia simaruba Pistacia Virgin's Tree T S.Fla.,E.& C.Mex.H2
Pistacia tereb.pal. Turpentine Tree "Turp.Tree" T Mediterranean H2 G6
Plantanus oriental. Plane Tree "Plane Tree" T S.E.Eu., W.Asia H2 G6
Plumeria rubra Frangipani Tree Flower-of-Cross S Mexico to Venez. H2
Polemonium caerul. Jacob's Ladder "Ladder-Heaven" P Europe H2 G6
Polygala chamaebux. Milkwort Lady's Bud S Europe H2 G6
Polygala paucifolia Fringed Milkwort Lady's Slipper P E&C.UnitedStates H2 G6
Polygonatum multifl.Solomon's Seal Lady's Belfry P Eurasia H2 G6
Polygonatum officin.Solomon's Seal Mary's Seal P Eurasia H2 G6
Polygonum amphibium Lady's Thumb Lady's Thumb P N.America,Europe H2
Polygonum bistorta Snakeweed Mary's Leaf P N.Europe, Asia H2 G6
Polygonum hydropip. Knotweed Lady's Mirror G6
Polygonum orientale Prince's-Feather Lady's Fingers A Asia, Australia H2 G6
Polygonum persicar. Knotweed Mary's Pinch A Europe H2
Polypodium vulgare Wall Fern (M.Milk Drops) P Eu.,Asia,W.N.AmerH2 G6
Polystichium acros. Christmas Fern Christmas Fern P E.U.S. H2 G6
Populus candicans Balm of Gilead "Balm-of-Gilead"T Europe H2
Populus nigra ital. Lombardy Popular Lady Popular T Europe,Asia H2 G6
Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen (Cross) T North America H2 G6
Porana paniculata White Corallita Christ Vine A India H2
Potamogeton natans Pondweed Lady Wrack P Europe CH G6
Potentilla anserin. Silverweed Footsteps of XP P Eurasia, N.Amer. H2 G6
Potentilla recta Cinquefoil M.Purification P Europe H2 G6
Primula elatior Oxlip Primrose L.Candlestick P Eu, to Persia H2 G6

12.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native habitat Refs.

Primula farinosa Birdseye Primrose Lady's Bud P Europe H2 G6
Primula polyantha Polyanthus Lady's Fingers P (hybrid) H2 G6
Primula veris Cowslip Lady's Keys P Europe H2 G6
Primula vulgaris Primrose Lady's Frills P Europe H2 G6
Prunella (vulgaris) Self-Heal Lady's Tresses P Asia H2 G6
Prunus amaygdalus Almond (Virgin Birth) T W.Asia H2 G6
Prunus armeniaca Apricot (Eden) "Apples" T W.Asia H2 G6
Prunus avium Sweet Cherry (Flight Egypt) T Eurasia H2 G6
Prunus domest. ins. Garden Plum Mary's Plum T Eurasia H2 G6
Prunus persica Peach "Fruits" T China H2 G6
Prunus spinosa Black Thorn Lady's Plum S Europe.,W.Asia H2 G6
Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern of God P N.U.S.& Canada H2 G6
Pulmonaria officin. Spotted Lungwort Mary's Tears P Europe H2 G6
Pulmonaria sacchar. Bethlehem Sage (M. Milk drops) P Europe H2 G6
Punica granatum Pomgranate (M. Virtues) T S.Asia H2 G6
Pyrus communis Pear (M.Fruitfulness)T Europe, W.Asia H2 G6

Quercus ilex Holly Oak (Cross) T S.Europe H2 G6
Quercus robur English Oak Lady's Oak T Eu,N.Afr,W.Asia H2 G6

Ranunculus aconit. White Butterep Lady's Splendor P Europe H2 G6
Ranunculus acris Buttercup Lady's Locks P Europe H2 G6
Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Crown of Thorns S Eurasia H2 G6
Rhapis excelsa Fan Palm Lady Palm T S.China H2 G6
Rhoeo discolor Moses-in-Bulrush. Christ-in-Cradl P W.Indies, Mexico.H2 G6
Ribes alpinum Alpine Currant Wild Lady S Europe H2 G6
Ribes grossularia Gooseberry Lady's Pear S Eu,N.Afr,S.W.AsiaH2 G6
Ribes rubrum N. Red Currant Lady's Berry S Eurasia H2
Ricinus communis Castor Bean Christ's Palm T Africa H2 G6
Rondeletia cordata Canrejo Jungle Queen S Guatamala H2 G6
Rosa Gold Rose (M. Glories) S Eurasia H2 G6
Rosa Red Rose (M. Sorrows) S Eurasia H2 G6
Rosa White Rose (M. Purity) S Eurasia H2 G6
Rosa Red & White Rose (Visitation) S Eurasia H2 G6
Rosa alba rubicunda Incarnation Rose Maiden's Blush S (hybrid) H2 G6
Rosa canina Dog Rose Mary's Thorn S Europe H2 G6
Rosa eglanteria Sweetbrier Lady's Leaf S Europe H2 G6
Rosa odorata hybr. Hybrid Tea Rose (M-named var.) S China H2
Rosa spinosissima Scotch Rose Lady's Rose S Eurasia H2 G6
Rosa hybr. Sub-Zero Rose Ave Maria Rose S (hybrid)
Rosa hybr. Sub-Zero Rose Lourdes Rose S (hybrid)
Rosmarinus officin. Rosemary Mary's Bouquet S Mediterranean H2 G6
Rubus coronarius Brier-Rose Crown-of-Thorns S Asia H2
Rubus laciniatus Cut-Lf.Blackberry Lady's Berry S Europe H2 G6
Rubus (sanctus) Palestine Bramble True Cross S Mediterranean PB
Ruellia(macranthus) Christms Pride Christms Pride P Brazil H2
Rumex acetosella Garden Sorrel (Mary's Sorrows)P Europe CH
Ruscus aculeatus Prickly-Rush (Crown-Thorns) S Europe H2 G6
Ruta graveolens Rue Herb 0' Grace P S.Europe H2 G6

Sagina subulata Pearlwort Mary's Grass P Corsica H2 G6
Salix (alba) Willow (Flight Egypt) T Eurasia, N.Afr. H2 G6
Salix babylonica Weeping Willow (Scourging) T China H2 G6
Salvia officinalis Sage Mary's Shawl P Mediterranean H2 G6

13.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Salvia triloba Palestine Sage Mary's Sage P Mediterranean
Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder Mary's Elder P Eurasia, N.Afr. H2
Sambucus nigra European Elder (Cross) T Eu.,W.Asia,N.Afr H2 G6
Sandersonia aurant.Chinese Lantern Christmas Bells P S. Africa H2
Sanguisorba alpina Burnet Lady's Mantle P Eurasia G6
Saponaria officin. Soapwort Lady by-t-Gate P W.Asia H2 G6
Sassafras (albidum)Sassafras Virgin's Tree T Eastern U.S. H2 G6
Satureja nepeta Savory Mother-of-Thyme P Eurasia H2
Satyrium (odorum) Orchid Lady's Tears P S.Africa E3
Saxifrage cotyledn Rock Cress Lady's Navel P Mts. of Europe H2 G6
Saxifrage grnulata Meadow Saxifrage L.Feather-Beds P Europe, N.Africa H2 G6
Saxifraga hypnoid. Rockfoil Lady's Cushion P Europe H2 G6
Saxifrage sarment. StrawberryGeranium Mother-Thousnds P E.Asia H2 G6
Saxifrage umbrosa London Pride Lady's Needlewk P Europe H2 G6
Scabiosa atropup. Sweet Scabious Lady's Pincush. A S.Europe H2 G6
Scandix pecten-ven Venus Comb Lady's Comb A Europe CH
Schinus terebinth. Brazil.Pepper Tree Xmas Borry Tree T Brazil H2 G6
Schlumbergera brid.Christmas Cactus Xmas Cactus P Bolivia, Brazil H2
Schlumbergera gaer.Easter Cactus Easter Cactus P S.America H2 G6
Scirpus cernuus Miniture Bulrush Lady's Hair P Europe H2 G6
Sedum acre Stone Crop Lady's Hair P Europe H2 G6
Sedum rosea Roseroot Lady's Root P Circumpolar H2 G6
Sedum rubrotinctum Christmas Cheer Christmas Cheer P Mexico E3
Sedum telephium Orphine Live-for-Ever P W.Eur to Japan H2 G6
Selaginella lepid. Resurrection Plant "Rose-Jericho" P Texas to S.Amer. H2
Selenicereus mac. Queen-of-the-Night Queen-of-Night T Uruguay,ArgentinaH2 G6
Sempervivum (tect) Houseleek Live-for-Ever P Eurasia H2 G6
Senecio jacobaea Tansy Ragwort Lady's Plant B Europe H2 G6
Silene armeria Sweet Wm.CatchFly Mary's Rose A S.Europe H2 G6
Silene cucubalus Bladder Campion White Mary P Eurasia H2
Silene latifolia BladderCampion Mary's Tears P Europe H2
Silene nutans Catchfly Wild Lady P Europe H2
Silybum Marianum Milk Thistle Mary's Thistle B Mediterranean H2 G6
Sisyrinchium ang. Blue-Eyed Grass Blue-Eyed Mary P N.Amer H2 G6
Smilacina racemosa False Solamon Seal Virgin's Seal P N.Amer. H2 G6
Smilacina stellata Lily-of-Valley "Lily-of-Valley"P N.America,Europe H2 G6
Solanum pseudo-cap.Jerusalem Cherry Xmas Cherry S Mediterranean H2 G6
Solidago (canad.) Golden Rod Lady's Plant P N.E.U.S. H2 G6
Sorbus torminalis Wild Service Tree Lady's Berry T Eu,N.Afr,Asia M. H2 G6
Sorghum halopense Johnson Grass Mary's Grass P Mediterranean H2
Specularia specul. VenusLookingGlass Lady's LookngGl.A Eu,N,Afr,W.Asia H2 G6
Spinacia oleracae Spinach (Mary's Greens) A S.W.Asia H2
Spiranthes cernua Ladies-Tresses Ladies-Tresses P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6
Spiranthes orchoid.Ladies-Tresses Ladies-Tresses P Mexico to Brazil E3
Stellaria holostea Easter Bells Lady's Buttons P Europe ,N.Asia H2
Stillingia sylvat. Yaw Root Queen's Delight P S.E. U.S. H2 G6
Stipa pennata Feather Grass Mary's Flax P Eurasia H2 G6
Styrax benzoin Benzoin "Onyx" T Mediterranean PB
Styrax officinalis Storax Tree "Storax" T Eu.,Asia Minor H2

Tagetes (gen.) Marigold Mary-Gold A Mexico H2 G6
Tamus communis Black Bryony Lady's Signet P Great Britain H2
Tanacetum vulgare Tansy Jesus-Wort P Europe H2 G6
Taraxacum officin. Dandelion (M. Sorrow) P Europe H2

14.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs

Teucrium chamaedr. Germander L.Little Flower S Europe H2 G6
Teucrium polium Germander Mary's Plant S Mediterranean CH G6
Thalictrum clavat. Meadow Rue Lady-Rue P S.E.U.S. H2
Thalictrum flavum Meadow Rue Maidenhair Rue P Europe H2 G6
Thuja (occident.) Arbor-Vitae Tree of life T E.& C.U.S. H2 G6
Thymus serphyllum Creeping Thyme M. Bedstraw S Eurasian H2 G6
Tigridia pavonia Tiger-Flower Christ's Knee P Mex.,Guatamala H2 G6
Tillandsia usneoid.Spanish Moss (Nativity) P SE US.TropAfrica H2 G6
Tovara (virgin.) Tovara (Christ'sBlood) P E.N.Amer, E.Asia H2
Tradescantia virg. Spiderwort Lady's Tears P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6
Tragopogan pratens.Goatsbeard St.Jos.Flower B Europe H2
Trifolium agrarium Yellow Clover Lady's Hops A Europe H2
Trifolium arvense White Clover M.Bedstraw A Europe, N.Asia H2
Trifolium pratense Rcd Clover Lady's Posies P Europe H2 G6
Trigonella caeruleaTrigonella Lady's Clover A Europe H2 G6
Trigonella foenum-.Fenugreek Beautiful Mary A S.Europe, Asia H2 G6
Trillium grandifl. Wake Robin Trinity Lily P N-E.& N-W.U.S. H2 G6
Triticum aestivum Wheat "Wheatsheaf" A Medit.,W.Asia H2
Tritonia (crocata) Blazing Star Mary's Drops P S. Africa H2 G6
Tulipa clusiana Lady Tulip Lady Tulip P Portugal to Iran H2 G6
Tulipa (gesner.) Garden Tulip (The Woman) P Armenia,Iran H2
Tulipa montana Mountain Tulip "Rose-Sharon" P Iran,Afghanistan H2
Tussilago farfare Coltsfoot So-before-FatherP Europe,India,AsiaH2 G6
Typha angustata Bulrush (Mocking) P Mediterranean PB

Uvularia perfol. Bellwort Mary-Bells P E.N.America H2 G6

Vaccinum vitis-id. Mt. Cranberry Lady's Pear S Europe,N.Asia H2 G6
Valeriana officin. Valerian L.Needlework P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6
Veitchia merrill. Manila Palm Christmas Palm T Philippines E3
Verbascum thapsus Giant Mullein Mary's Candle B Europe, Asia H2 G6
Verbena hastata Erect Vervain Herb-of-Cross P United States H2 G6
Verbena officinal. Vervain Herb-of-Cross P Europe, Asia H2
Veronica chamaedr. Ger.Speedwell L.Resting Place P Europe.,Asia H2
Veronica maritima Veronica Lady's Faith P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Veronica officinal.Speedwell L.Resting Place P Europe, Asia H2 G6
Viburnum opulus Guelder Rose L.Pincushion S Eu,N.Afr,N.Asia H2 G6
Victoria cruziana Santa Cruz Lily Holy Cross P Paraguay to ArgenH2 G6
Vinca minor Periwinkle Virgin Flower P Europe H2 G6
Viola alba White Violet Lady's Delight P Cent.Eu.,Medit, H2 G6
Viola odotata Sweet Violet Lady's Modesty P Eurasia, Africa H2 G6
Viola tricolor Pansy Lady's Delight P Eurasia H2 G6
Viscum album Mistletoe (Cross) P Europe, N.Asia H2
Vitis (vinifera) Grape "Grape" P Caucasus H2 G6
Vriesea mariae Vriesea Mary P Tropical America E3

Wisteria frutescen Wisteria Virgin's Bower P S.E. U.S. H2 G6

Yucca aloifolia Spanish Bayonet Lord's Candle P S. U.S., Mexico H2 G6
Yucca flaccida Yucca "Ivory Tower" P S.E. U.S. H2 G6

End - MARIANA 1